Marko A. Rodriguez (Ph.D Student, UC-Santa Cruz), Johan Bollen (Researcher, Los Alamos National Laboratory) & Herbert Van de Sompel (Researcher, Los Alamos National Laboratory) have published The Convergence of Digital-Libraries and the Peer-Review Process, 32 J. Info. Science 149 (2006).  Here is the abstract:

Pre-print repositories have seen a significant increase in use over the past fifteen years across multiple research domains. Researchers are beginning to develop applications capable of using these repositories to assist the scientific community above and beyond the pure dissemination of information. The contribution set forth by this paper emphasizes a deconstructed publication model in which the peer-review process is mediated by an OAI-PMH peer-review service. This peer-review service uses a social-network algorithm to determine potential reviewers for a submitted manuscript and for weighting the relative influence of each participating reviewer’s evaluations. This paper also suggests a set of peer-review specific metadata tags that can accompany a pre-print’s existing metadata record. The combinations of these contributions provide a unique repository-centric peer-review model that fits within the widely deployed OAI-PMH framework.

(Hat Tip:  Joe Hodnicki.)