a surfer in front of the malibu pier on a sunny day

Paul L. Caron
Dean
Pepperdine Caruso
School of Law

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  • Silver: The Tax Insurance Trap

    Benjamin Silver (Bar Ilan University, Israel), The Tax Insurance Trap, 2026 Wis. L. Rev. 371 (reviewed by Sloan Speck here):

    Conventional wisdom holds that tax uncertainty is an unavoidable consequence of our tax law’s complexity. On this view, tax insurance—a financial product allowing taxpayers to shift tax risk to an insurer for a fee—is merely a hedge against the IRS’s potential disagreement with any given tax position. With this understanding in mind, some commentators have proposed imposing restrictions on tax insurance so that the IRS, not taxpayers, can harness its full potential.

    This Article offers a different account of tax uncertainty and tax insurance. It argues that persistent tax law uncertainty is not a brute fact but a policy choice. In contrast to general principles of administrative law, the Anti-Injunction Act bars pre-enforcement judicial review for taxpayers, forcing them to transact first and litigate later. Thus, while substantive complexity might create tax uncertainty, that uncertainty persists because of procedure. Viewed in this light, tax insurance functions as a synthetic pre-enforcement challenge, enabling taxpayers to resolve tax risk reliably.

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  • Hofstra Says It Had No Duty to Help Student in Cardiac Arrest During Bar Exam

    Inside Higher Ed, Hofstra Says It Had No ‘Duty to Protect’ Student Who Collapsed During Bar Exam:

    Hofstra University claims it had no responsibility to help a person who went into cardiac arrest while taking the bar exam on its campus in July 2025, court filings show.

    “While Hofstra sympathizes with the Plaintiff for the medical episode she suffered on July 30, 2025 … Hofstra did not owe a legal duty to provide any first aid assistance to the plaintiff,” a lawyer for the university wrote last week in a motion to dismiss a lawsuit the student filed against Hofstra.

    Mary Jane Jung was sitting for the bar exam when she “gasped for air, cried out, lost consciousness, collapsed, and turned blue in full view of proctors, staff, and hundreds of examinees,” according to the lawsuit she filed in July with a state court in Nassau County, N.Y. Although “every lost minute mattered,” staff in the testing room didn’t immediately summon emergency services, the lawsuit said. “Instead, the examination continued. Candidates were instructed to keep working, those who attempted to stand or assist were discouraged or admonished, and Plaintiff remained unconscious without the urgent intervention her condition demanded.”

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  • Morrow: Tax on Tips

    Rebecca Morrow (Wake Forest), Tax on Tips, 44 Yale L. & Pol’y Rev. 1 (2025):

    Carol, a 38-year-old single parent to an 18-year-old child, works full time as a restaurant server. Her employer pays her $2.13 per hour, which is legal according to federal law and the laws of Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Texas, Utah, Virginia, and Wyoming. She also earns tips, which bring her wages up to $7.25 per hour. Her tips might have brought her wages above the $7.25 federal minimum wage, but when Carol makes more than $5.12 in hourly tips, her employer takes the excess and distributes it among Carol’s coworkers. Recently, Democrats and Republicans promised to adopt a “no tax on tips” policy, exempting tips from the federal income tax. On July 4, 2025, President Trump enacted the first-ever tips-received deduction, which is effective through 2028.

    Unfortunately, the tips-received deduction will not help Carol and threatens to increase her reliance on tip income. Since her $15,080 annual earnings are lower than her standard deduction, Carol does not owe federal income taxes. Thus, for Carol—and the 37% of restaurant employees who are not paid enough to owe federal income taxes—the tips-received deduction produces no tax savings. Proposals that would exclude tips from income would be even worse, threatening Carol’s Earned Income Tax Credits and future Social Security benefits, which are calculated based on her earnings. In 2024, for example, her earnings of $15,080 made her eligible for an Earned Income Tax Credit of $4,213. If tips were excluded from her income, that credit would drop to $1,505. Assuming that Carol retires in 30 years, Social Security will pay her $3,259 monthly if tips remain included in her wages but only $950 monthly if tips are excluded.

    This Article rejects “no tax on tips” slogans and is the first to offer an alternative to help lower-wage tipped workers like Carol.

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  • TIGTA: 2.2 Million Tax Returns Prepared Using Noncompliant PTINs

    The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration has identified more than 38,000 paid tax-return preparers with noncompliant preparer tax identification numbers (PTINs) who prepared more than 2.2 million returns for the 2025 return-processing season. The IRS requires individuals to have current PTINs to prepare tax returns for compensation, and PTINs must be reported on tax returns. After the D.C. Circuit’s 2014 decision in Loving v. IRS, mandatory PTIN registration provides most of the federal government’s very thin (and largely voluntary) regulation of return preparers who do not practice before the IRS.

    The TIGTA report connects noncompliant PTINs to potential tax evasion or fraud. The question, however, is what this potential tax malfeasance looks like, and what should be done, if anything, to close the gap in tax administration. Data, commentary, and the juiciest excerpts from the TIGTA report, below the fold.

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  • The Atlantic: All the Things You’re Not Allowed to Say in Texas

    The Atlantic has a long read on politically motivated curriculum interventions that affect the 700,000 students at public universities in Texas. The lede examines Texas Tech’s “onerous and clumsy” use of AI to implement its curriculum restrictions, with faculty judgment displaced in part by what the author calls a “censorship bot.”

    Also discussed: low faculty morale, as expressed in an American Association of University Professors survey finding that “70 percent of [surveyed] Texas [university] faculty would not recommend taking a faculty position in the state, and about 30 percent said they had experienced censorship of courses by administrators.” (The AAUP is suing Texas Tech over the restrictions.) “Everyone sees that the grass isn’t always greener on the other side, but this grass is looking pretty dead,” one Texas Tech faculty member said.

    A link and some excerpts, below the fold.

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  • Hoy et al.: Who Benefits from Food Tax Exemptions in Lower-Income Settings?

    Christopher Hoy (U. Melbourne), Matias Strehl-Pessina (UC Santa Barbara), Ruggero Doino (World Bank), Darian Naidoo (World Bank), Kingtau Mambon (U. Papua New Guinea) & Bobby Kunda (U. Papua New Guinea), Who Benefits from Food Tax Exemptions in Lower-Income Settings?: Evidence on Pass-Through and Incidence, Inst. Fiscal Stud. Working Paper No. 26/55 (Sept. 22, 2026):

    Tax exemptions for basic items exist worldwide, typically justified by governments as a way to reduce the cost of living for poorer households. This paper studies the unanticipated removal of consumption taxes on selected food items in Papua New Guinea. It conducts a difference-in-differences analysis using administrative data, a supermarket price census, web scraped online prices, and a nationally representative household phone survey panel. The findings show complete pass-through in formal supermarkets in central urban districts, where retail competition is strong, but no pass-through in informal stores or rural areas, where poorer households mainly shop. Only 16 percent of the foregone revenue accrued to the poorest two quintiles, while the richest two quintiles and stores/wholesalers each captured almost 40 percent of the benefits. This degree of regressivity and variation in pass-through was unanticipated by 237 experts who participated in a prediction survey. Using a static marginal value of public funds–style comparison, the paper shows that universal cash transfers would generate roughly two and a half times as much quintile-weighted value per fiscal dollar as the tax exemption. The findings demonstrate that food tax exemptions are inherently regressive in lower-income settings, due to high informality, substantial market segmentation, and positive income elasticity of demand for basic food.

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  • Law Schools Noted for Strong Gym Facilities

    Here is what Microsoft Copilot generated for “Law Schools Noted for Strong Gym Facilities.”

    “Several law schools stand out for their on‑campus fitness centers, with some offering multiple locations, modern equipment, and competitive access costs — though these rankings are based on student experiences and facility reviews rather than official rankings.

    Schools Frequently Mentioned for Gym Quality

    Based on student discussions and facility reviews, these schools are often highlighted for their gym amenities:

    • New York University (NYU) – Three on‑campus gyms (Brooklyn, Gramercy Park, and near the campus bookstore) with free access for students and low‑cost spouse memberships. The Gramercy location is popular for its size and equipment RedditReddit.
    • Northwestern University – Partners with Fitness Facility Company (FFC) for two high‑quality gyms in Chicago’s North Loop. Students pay about $28/month plus a $50 enrollment fee, with a $120/month discount from standard rates RedditReddit.
    • University of Pennsylvania – Two fitness centers on campus; equipment is functional, and the school prioritizes quantity over quality. Costs are high but facilities are well‑equipped RedditReddit.
    • University of Texas at Austin – On‑campus gym with free access for students (spouses must pay $45/month). Equipment is adequate, though not as extensive as some peers RedditReddit.
    • Georgetown University Law Center (GULC) – Described by students as having a “surprisingly awesome” fitness center, though details on size and equipment are limited RedditReddit.

    Other Schools with Notable Facilities

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  • IMF: Global Taxation of Agriculture and Forestry

    Hear me out: this report is surprisingly compelling. Even as agriculture’s share of economic activity has declined in developed economies, those governments continue to support the sector through a layered suite of tax preferences, direct subsidies, and trade protections. The U.S. political economy of these benefits is deep and well-traveled.

    Across countries, the precise structure of agricultural policy is complex, intersecting issues as diverse as climate mitigation and foreign relations. Finding a holistic perspective is hard, and that’s precisely what researchers at the International Monetary Fund provide in a new working paper. And they find remarkable similarities between developing and developed countries.

    The takeaways, for the “stylized facts” of agricultural policy: in the aggregate, domestic tax expenditures likely exceed direct subsidies to the sector, while food-security concerns help explain the typical dynamic of reduced consumption taxes on food, combined with above-average tariffs on food imports. Link, abstract, and excerpt, below the fold.

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  • Law School Controversies and Shifts in 2026

    I found this Microsoft Copilot response to my query about law school controversies. Among other things, the response only mentions in passing the uncertainty of future American Bar Association accreditation of law schools, which has generated great interest among law schools but does not literally fall within the query:

    “Law School Controversies and Shifts in 2026

    2026 has seen multiple high-profile law school controversies, from free speech disputes to leadership changes and ranking debates, alongside major structural reforms in legal education.

    Free Speech and Campus Speech Cases

    Two notable U.S. cases have intensified debates over campus speech rights.

    • University of Florida v. Preston Damsky: The 11th Circuit ruled that Florida cannot be forced to re-admit law student Preston Damsky, who was expelled for statements on race and religion, including a post claiming `Jews must be abolished by any means necessary.’ Two judges found his speech likely not protected by the First Amendment, while one dissented. Damsky’s appeal to the full circuit is pending ReutersReuters.
    • University of Kentucky v. Ramsi Woodcock: A federal judge denied the professor’s bid to halt an investigation into his speech critical of Israel and to lift his campus ban. Woodcock is the third U.S. law professor since January to be suspended or fired over politically charged speech ReutersReuters.

    These cases reflect a broader climate of heightened scrutiny over campus speech, especially amid political pressure on universities.

    Leadership and Institutional Changes

    Georgetown University’s law school will appoint Liz Magill as its new dean in 2026. Magill, former University of Pennsylvania president who resigned in 2023 after a contentious congressional hearing on antisemitism, is returning to a top academic role POLITICOPOLITICO. Her appointment comes amid national debates over campus speech, Israel policy, and political influence in higher education.

    Rankings and the `T‑14′ Debate

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  • AI Everywhere: University School of Law holds mock Supreme Court arguments using AI justices

    News from North Carolina. “University of North Carolina School of Law held mock Supreme Court oral arguments today – but the justices weren’t people. They were AI.

    The `May It Please the Machine’ event had students deliver arguments for a real Supreme Court case before ChatGPT powered justices.”

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